A look at the latest post-quantum signature standardization candidates

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This post analyzes fourteen post-quantum signature schemes advanced to the second round of NIST's competition for their feasibility in TLS. It details the TLS handshake process and the various signatures involved, then compares the performance characteristics (public key size, signature size, signing time, verification time) of these candidates against existing classical and standardized PQC schemes (ML-DSA, SLH-DSA, Falcon, LMS, XMSS). The analysis highlights the significant increase in data size for PQC signatures and public keys and discusses the implications for TLS handshake performance, particularly the impact on certificate data size.