State of the post-quantum Internet in 2025

This post provides an update on the state of post-quantum cryptography migration on the internet, highlighting that the majority of human-initiated traffic with Cloudflare is now using post-quantum encryption. It details progress on quantum hardware (silicon-based, trapped-ion, topological qubits) and software, emphasizing Craig Gidney's optimizations that significantly reduced the estimated qubit count needed to break RSA-2048, effectively bringing Q-day closer. It also discusses the scare from Chen's algorithm and its subsequent debunking, reinforcing the current reliance on lattice-based cryptography.