MQTT is a publish-subscribe messaging protocol built on TCP/IP, designed for efficient communication between IoT devices. It utilizes brokers to route messages from publishers to subscribers. Initially developed for SCADA systems, it has become a de facto standard for IoT communication. MQTT v3.1.1 became an OASIS standard in 2014 and an ISO standard in 2016. MQTT v5 was published in late 2018, introducing new features while maintaining its core principles of being compact, easy to understand, and easy to implement.
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