Python OOP Exercise: Director and Cast Hierarchy

Context

You are tasked with implementing a robust and testable Python solution for a simple class hierarchy where Director extends Cast. The solution must correctly utilize @property, @classmethod, and @staticmethod, and avoid common pitfalls such as mutable default arguments and leaking internal mutable state.

Here is the provided starting point for the class structure:

class Cast:
    def __init__(self, actors: list[str]):
        self.actors = list(actors)

class Director(Cast):
    def __init__(self, name: str, actors: list[str], movies: list[str]):
        super().__init__(actors)
        self.name = name
        self.movies = list(movies)
        self._awards: list[tuple[str,int]] = []  # (award_name, year)

Tasks

1. Implement add_award(award_name: str, year: int) that appends a new (award_name, year) pair only if it does not already exist for this director (idempotent). Ensure no mutable-default arguments are used and that self._awards cannot be mutated from outside the class.
2. Add a property awards that returns an immutable, chronologically sorted view of awards. Add another property latest_award that returns Optional[tuple[str,int]].
3. Add a @staticmethod validate_award(award_name: str, year: int) that raises ValueError for empty award names or years outside the range [1900, current_year]. This static method must be used internally within add_award.
4. Add a @classmethod from_filmography(cls, name: str, filmography: dict) that constructs a Director instance from a dictionary with the structure {'actors': [...], 'movies': [...]}. Demonstrate how subclassing would work if you were to later create an AwardWinningDirector that adds additional fields like guild_membership.
5. Implement __eq__ and __hash__ dunder methods such that two Director instances with the same name compare equal. Explain the trade-offs of this design choice.
6. Provide a short doctest-style example demonstrating the creation of a Director instance, adding duplicate awards, and accessing the latest_award property.