Debug Kubernetes crashes and review Python ingestion script
Part A: Kubernetes Pod/Container Crash Debugging
You are on call, and a service deployed to Kubernetes is failing, with its Pod showing a CrashLoopBackOff status (or the container repeatedly exiting).
- Describe a systematic, step-by-step process to debug this issue.
- What are the most common root causes you would investigate first?
- Which Kubernetes commands and signals (e.g., events, logs, status fields) would you utilize during your debugging process?
Part B: Kubernetes Probes
Explain the purpose and usage of the following Kubernetes probe types:
- Liveness probe
- Readiness probe
- Startup probe
For each probe type, include:
- The specific problem it aims to solve.
- Typical failure modes and common pitfalls (e.g., causing restart loops).
- Provide example probe configurations or strategies for different application types:
- A fast-starting stateless API.
- A slow-starting JVM application.
- An application that depends on a downstream database.
Part C: Python ETL/Script Code Review
You are presented with a small Python script designed to perform an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) operation. This script reads data from a local file, performs simple processing, and then writes the processed rows into a SQL database.
A simplified representation of the script's logic is as follows:
- Opens the input file and reads its entire content into memory.
- Iterates through each line, parsing/splitting fields and applying minimal transformations.
- For each processed record, it constructs an SQL
INSERTstatement and executes it against the database. - A database commit operation is performed only at the very end of the script.
Your task is to identify and list the major issues present in this script from the perspective of a code review. Consider aspects such as correctness, reliability, security, performance, and operational concerns. For each identified issue, propose concrete and suitable improvements that would make the script production-ready.
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Debug Kubernetes crashes and review Python ingestion script
Part A: Kubernetes Pod/Container Crash Debugging
You are on call, and a service deployed to Kubernetes is failing, with its Pod showing a CrashLoopBackOff status (or the container repeatedly exiting).
- Describe a systematic, step-by-step process to debug this issue.
- What are the most common root causes you would investigate first?
- Which Kubernetes commands and signals (e.g., events, logs, status fields) would you utilize during your debugging process?
Part B: Kubernetes Probes
Explain the purpose and usage of the following Kubernetes probe types:
- Liveness probe
- Readiness probe
- Startup probe
For each probe type, include:
- The specific problem it aims to solve.
- Typical failure modes and common pitfalls (e.g., causing restart loops).
- Provide example probe configurations or strategies for different application types:
- A fast-starting stateless API.
- A slow-starting JVM application.
- An application that depends on a downstream database.
Part C: Python ETL/Script Code Review
You are presented with a small Python script designed to perform an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) operation. This script reads data from a local file, performs simple processing, and then writes the processed rows into a SQL database.
A simplified representation of the script's logic is as follows:
- Opens the input file and reads its entire content into memory.
- Iterates through each line, parsing/splitting fields and applying minimal transformations.
- For each processed record, it constructs an SQL
INSERTstatement and executes it against the database. - A database commit operation is performed only at the very end of the script.
Your task is to identify and list the major issues present in this script from the perspective of a code review. Consider aspects such as correctness, reliability, security, performance, and operational concerns. For each identified issue, propose concrete and suitable improvements that would make the script production-ready.