Apply Operations Efficiently Using the Command Pattern

You are given an initial state and a list of operations to apply to it. The state can be a mutable object like a document, a numeric value, an inventory map, or a configuration object. Each operation has a type and parameters (e.g., Set(key, value), Increment(key, delta), Delete(key)).

Requirements:

1. Implement an operation executor that applies all operations to produce the final state.
2. Use an object-oriented approach consistent with the Command Pattern: Each operation should be represented as a command with an execute(state) method (and optionally undo(state) if discussed).
3. Optimize execution when possible: Avoid naively applying every operation sequentially if there are opportunities to combine, cancel, reorder, or short-circuit operations without changing the final result.

Discussion Points:

• Your command abstractions and how new operation types can be added.
• Correctness constraints for optimization (when reordering/merging is safe).
• Time/space complexity and edge cases (conflicting operations, no-ops).